Milletseed butterflyfish
Chaetodon miliaris
Also known as Lemon Butterflyfish, Millet Butterflyfish, Milletseed Coralfish
SaltwaterFish
Care at a glance
- Temperature
- 72–79°F
- 22–26°C
- pH
- 8.1–8.4
- Adult size
- 5.1 in
- 13 cm
- Minimum tank
- 75 gal
- 285 L
- Temperament
- Peaceful
- Social behavior
- Schooling
- Swim level
- Middle
- Difficulty
- Easy
- Breeding
- No record
- Rarity
- Common
- Reef safe
- Reef safe with caution
- Family
- Chaetodontidae
- Origin
- A Hawaiian endemic, abundant throughout the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll from shallow reefs to deep drop offs.
Overview
Keep it in a 285 litre or larger tank at 22 to 26 C and pH 8.1 to 8.4, since it comes from slightly cooler Hawaiian reefs. It is reef safe with caution, as it feeds mainly on plankton but may sample polyps and feather dusters. It is one of the easier butterflyfish to feed and takes mysis, enriched brine, and eventually flake and pellet. It is peaceful and can be kept singly or in a small group.
In the wild
The milletseed butterflyfish is a lemon yellow fish marked with rows of small dark spots like scattered seeds. It is the most common butterflyfish in Hawaii and often gathers in large feeding groups. It feeds heavily on zooplankton in open water, unlike the coral picking habits of many relatives. It ranges from shallow reefs down to deep drop offs.
Good to know
Chaetodon miliaris is a butterflyfish in the family Chaetodontidae found almost only in Hawaiian waters. Its planktivorous habit makes it hardier and easier to feed than most butterflyfish. It has even been recorded cleaning parasites from other fish and picking eggs from nests.
Did you know
It is one of the best beginner butterflyfish because it schools, feeds readily, and adapts to aquarium food faster than its coral eating cousins.
Weekly picks
Tank mates
Milletseed butterflyfish is a peaceful, schooling species that keeps to the middle. These picks share a community profile with it, are safe together in both directions, and overlap on water type, temperature and pH.

Pearly jawfish
Opistognathus aurifrons
Saltwater3.9 in (10 cm) · 29 gal (110 L)73–81°F (23–27°C)
Fire shrimp
Lysmata debelius
Saltwater2.4 in (6 cm) · 20 gal (75 L)72–79°F (22–26°C)
Ring cowrie
Monetaria annulus
Saltwater1.2 in (3 cm) · 20 gal (75 L)75–81°F (24–27°C)
Kole tang
Ctenochaetus strigosus
Saltwater7.1 in (18 cm) · 79 gal (300 L)75–81°F (24–27°C)
Flametail blenny
Enchelyurus flavipes
Saltwater3 in (7.5 cm) · 29 gal (110 L)72–79°F (22–26°C)
Skunk cleaner shrimp
Lysmata amboinensis
Saltwater2.4 in (6 cm) · 20 gal (75 L)73–81°F (23–27°C)
Common questions
What size tank does a Milletseed butterflyfish need?
A Milletseed butterflyfish needs at least 75 gal (285 L). It spends most of its time in the middle.
What temperature and pH does a Milletseed butterflyfish need?
A Milletseed butterflyfish is comfortable at 72–79°F (22–26°C) with a pH of 8.1–8.4.
How big does a Milletseed butterflyfish get?
An adult Milletseed butterflyfish reaches about 5.1 in (13 cm).
Does a Milletseed butterflyfish need a group?
Yes. A Milletseed butterflyfish is a schooling species and should be kept in a group, not singly.
Related species
5.5 in (14 cm)75 gal (285 L)73–81°F (23–27°C)Pearlscale butterflyfish
Chaetodon xanthurus
5.5 in (14 cm) · 75 gal (285 L)
5.9 in (15 cm)79 gal (300 L)75–81°F (24–27°C)Klein's butterflyfish
Chaetodon kleinii
5.9 in (15 cm) · 79 gal (300 L)
9.1 in (23 cm)151 gal (570 L)75–82°F (24–28°C)Golden butterflyfish
Chaetodon semilarvatus
9.1 in (23 cm) · 151 gal (570 L)
7.1 in (18 cm)90 gal (340 L)73–81°F (23–27°C)Collare butterflyfish
Chaetodon collare
7.1 in (18 cm) · 90 gal (340 L)
7.9 in (20 cm)106 gal (400 L)75–81°F (24–27°C)Raccoon butterflyfish
Chaetodon lunula
7.9 in (20 cm) · 106 gal (400 L)
9.1 in (23 cm)79 gal (300 L)75–81°F (24–27°C)Threadfin butterflyfish
Chaetodon auriga
9.1 in (23 cm) · 79 gal (300 L)
